Venezuela’s Maduro to test US courts' reluctance to apply international law in criminal cases ↧ ↧ Venezuela’s Maduro to test US courts' reluctance to apply interna... For more than a century, in cases involving defendants ranging from a 19th-century Chicago bank clerk charged with theft to a Central American dictator accused of drug trafficking, U.S. judges ​have rejected arguments that alleged violations of international law or treaty obligations should result in dismissal of criminal indictments.