๐—”๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ'๐˜€ ๐—”๐—œ ๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—บ ๐—ฐ๐—ผ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜„๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—ฎ $๐Ÿต ๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฏ๐—ถ๐—น๐—น. ๐—˜๐˜ƒ๐—ฒ๐—ป ๐—•๐—ถ๐—ด ๐—ง๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฑ๐˜€ ๐—ต๐—ฒ๐—น๐—ฝ ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐˜†๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ถ๐˜. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜€๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ฒ: about ๐Ÿฏ.๐Ÿฎ% ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—š๐——๐—ฃ a year through 2032. Relative to the economy, that's bigger than the railroad, highway or 90s telecom booms. ๐Ÿ’ธ ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฝ๐—ผ๐—ถ๐—ป๐˜: Big Tech's infrastructure spending is set to hit about $๐Ÿด๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฌ๐—• in 2026, more than the cash its businesses bring in. ๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ต'๐˜ด ๐˜ข ๐˜ง๐˜ช๐˜ณ๐˜ด๐˜ต. ๐Ÿฆ ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜„ ๐—ฝ๐—น๐—ฎ๐˜†๐—ฏ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ธ: leases, private lenders and separate companies that hold the debt. Meta's Hyperion data center was funded by a record $๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿณ๐—• bond, held outside Meta's balance sheet. It even costs more than Meta borrowing directly. ๐Ÿงฉ ๐—ช๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜ ๐˜€๐˜๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ฑ ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—บ๐—ฒ: the risk is still there, it's just ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ฆ. Count leases as debt and Big Tech's debt ratio jumps from ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ% ๐˜๐—ผ ๐Ÿฐ๐Ÿด%. ๐Ÿ“„ ๐—™๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐˜๐—ต๐—ฒ ๐—”๐—œ ๐—•๐˜‚๐—ถ๐—น๐—ฑ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜, a new NBER paper by Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh (Columbia Business School). He sizes the bill using about 3,400 US data center projects, then follows the money. ๐Ÿ”— ๐Ÿ”Ž One caveat: the $9T is a scenario, not a forecast, and it rests on assumptions about which announced projects get built. #AI #ArtificialIntelligence #DataCenters #AIInfrastructure #BigTech #Hyperscalers #Finance #Economics #Investing #CapitalMarkets #PrivateCredit #ProjectFinance #Credit #FixedIncome #Infrastructure #RiskManagement #FinancialStability #Meta #NBER #ColumbiaBusinessSchool I started a monthly digest that cuts out all the noise in